• +91-9555269393
  • info@ijdssh.com

International Journal of Development in Social Sciences and Humanities

(By Aryavart International University, India)

International Peer Reviewed (Refereed), Open Access Research Journal

E-ISSN:2455-5142 | P-ISSN:2455-7730
Impact Factor(2020): 5.790 | Impact Factor(2021): 6.013

IJDSSH
Typically replies within an hour

IJDSSH
Hi there

How can I help you?
Chat with Us

Paper Details

STATUS AND CHALLENGES OF RURAL SANITATION IN KARNATAKA

Vol. 1, Jan-Jun 2016 | Page: 102-112

Arunkumar R Kulkarni
Assistant Professor, Centre for Multi-disciplinary Development Research (CMDR), Dharwad, Karnataka

Received: 16-11-2015, Accepted: 22-12-2015, Published Online: 02-01-2016


. Download Full Paper

Abstract

It seems that the coverage of sanitation is slow and far from satisfactory in rural Karnataka. In this context, the present paper tries to analyze the current status of sanitation, utilization of sanitation facilities and tries to find the constraints in having sanitation facilities in rural areas of Karnataka. Apart from sanitation status at the household level, it also tries to present personal aspects of hygiene based on a comprehensive survey of 800 households spread across four administrative divisions in the state. The results show that apart from access to sanitation, utilization, personal aspects of hygiene and knowledge about sanitation varied across the regions in rural Karnataka. The major problems reported in having sanitation facilities were; lack of money and scarcity of land. But both these arguments have not been validated by the study. It is felt that improving the knowledge about sanitation and timely disbursement of subsidies after would help in speedy coverage of sanitation facilities in rural areas of Karnataka

Reference
  1. Bartram, J (2008): “Sanitation is an Investment with High Economic Returns”, UN-Water Fact Sheet No-2 WHO, Geneva
  2. Billava Narayana and Kulkarni A R (2014): “Rural Sanitation and Millennium Development Goals: Targets, Achievements and Challenges” International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 1(2):1-21, Nov-Dec, 2012.
  3. Billava Narayana and Kulkarni A R (2015): “Provision of Basic Sanitation in Rural Karnataka: Achievements and Challenge”, The Grassroots Governance Journal, 13(1): 248-265, July-December 2015.
  4. Billava Narayana and Nayak Nayanatara (2012): “The Status of Water Supply and Sanitation in Rural Karnataka: A Case Study of Dharwad District”, Southern Economist, 51(1): 95-99, May 2012.
  5. Census (2001): “Primary Census Abstracts”, Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India.
  6. Census (2011): “Primary Census Abstracts”, Registrar General of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India
  7. Hutton, G and Haller, L (2004): “Evaluation of the Costs and Benefits of Water and Sanitation Improvements at the Global Level” Water Sanitation and Health Protection of the Human Environment, World Health Organisation, Geneva
  8. Government of India (2015): “Swatch Bharat Mission-Grameen Report”, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation, Government of India.
  9. NSSO (1998-99): “Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in India”, 54th Round, January-June, 1998, National Sample Survey Organization, Department of Statistics, Government of Karnataka.
  10. OECD (2011): “Benefits of Investing in Water and Sanitation- An OECD Perspective”, OECD Publication, Paris, France.
  11. JMP (2014): “Progress on Drinking Water and Sanitation”: 2014 Update. WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP).
  12. United Nations (2010), “The Human Right to Water and Sanitation” Resolution adopted by the General Assembly, Available on: http://www.onwa.ca/upload/documents/un-water-as-a-humanright.pdf
  13. Veerashekarappa and Bhide (2009): “Sanitation Strategies in Karnataka: A Review”, Working Paper No. 222, Institute for social and Economic Change, Bangalore
  14. Water and Sanitation Program (2011): “Economic Impacts of Inadequate Sanitation in India” Flagship Report WSP, New Delhi, India.

alexistogel toto online

bandar alexistogel

alexistogel bandar gacor

alexistogel link

alexistogel online

alexistogel bandar togel

link alternatif alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel daftar

alexistogel toto macau

alexistogel bandar macau

alexistogel slot

alexistogel agen slot

alexistogel

situs alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel slot

alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel bandar slot

alexistogel

Alexistogel Toto Macau

alexistogel

bandar alexistogel

alexistogel slot

alexistogel link alternatif

alexistogel macau

alexistogel

alexistogel toto macau

slot alexistogel

alexistogel bandar togel

alexistogel

alexistogel rtp

alexistogel

alexistogel slot

alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel

alexistogel terpercaya

daftar alexistogel

alexistogel online

rtp alexistogel

alexistogel slot

alexistogel gacor

link alternatif alexistogel

alexistogel login

alexistogel

alexistogel slot dana

agen togel online

bandar togel online

alexistogel rtp

alexistogel slot

alexistogel daftar

alexistogel daftar

slot online dana

bandar togel slot

togel online terpercaya

slot pragmatic gacor

link situs slot resmi

situs slot online

link daftar togel slot

bandar slot gacor hari ini

bocoran pola slot

situs slot online

bandar slot online

bandar togel online

slot online terpercaya

togel slot online

slot deposit qris

agen slot online gacor

rtp live slot online

bandar slot online

bandar slot online gacor

agen slot online

daftar bandar togel slot

bandar togel online

togel slot hari ini

link alternatif togel slot

rtp slot online gacor

slot online gacor

situs slot gacor

rtp slot gacor

slot online gacor

tips slot maxwin

togel slot gacor

prediksi togel

game slot gacor

trik slot online

prediksi togel jitu

game slot online

togel online terpercaya

daftar togel slot online

bandar togel terpercaya

slot online gacor

trik slot bonus

prediksi togel online

rtp slot online

panduan togel online

RTP LIVE

Bandar Toto Macau

Situs Slot Gacor

bandarbola855 resmi

bandarbola855 gacor

bandarbola855 slot

link bandarbola855

bandarbola855 bola slot

bandarbola855 rtp

bandarbola855 slot online

bandarbola855 link

bandarbola855 bandar

bandarbola855 slot terpercaya

bandarbola855

bandarbola855 slot

bandarbola855 terpercaya

bandarbola855 online

slot bandarbola855

bandarbola855 slot

bandarbola855 daftar

bandarbola855 link

bandarbola855

bandarbola855

bandarbola855

bandarbola855 slot

bandarbola855

bandarbola855 rtp

bandarbola855

bandarbola855

bandarbola855

iosbet

iosbet

link iosbet

slot online iosbet

iosbet link login

slot iosbet

iosbet gacor

iosbet slot

iosbet

slot iosbet

agen iosbet

bandar iosbet

iosbet

iosbet link

bandar iosbet gacor

iosbet

iosbet

iosbet

iosbet

liatogel

bandar liatogel

login liatogel

live draw hk liatogel

liatogel slot online gacor

liatogel totomacau

liatogel link

slot gacor

daftar slot online

bandar slot dana

slot ovo

slot gopay