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International Journal of Development in Social Sciences and Humanities

(By Aryavart International University, India)

International Peer Reviewed (Refereed), Open Access Research Journal

E-ISSN:2455-5142 | P-ISSN:2455-7730
Impact Factor(2022): 6.725 | Impact Factor(2024): 7.012
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Paper Details

Flexible Thinking and its Relationship to Psychological Well-Being Among University Students

Vol 21, Jan-Jun 2026 2026 | Page: 1-24

Noor Ihsan Ali Haider
University of Baghdad, College of Education, Ibn Rushd for Human Sciences

Received: 02-12-2025, Accepted: 06-01-2026, Published Online: 19-01-2026


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Abstract

This research aims to determine the level of flexible thinking among university students and to assess their psychological well-being according to Moore’s grading. It also seeks to examine the significance of differences in the correlational relationship between flexible thinking and psychological well-being among a sample of university students. To achieve these objectives, a Flexible Thinking Scale and a Psychological Well-Being Scale were constructed. The study was administered to a sample of 400 university students of both sexes during the academic year 2025–2026 at the University of Baghdad, including 200 males and 200 females, representing both scientific and humanities disciplines. The Flexible Thinking Scale was developed by the researcher and consisted of 42 items based on Guilford’s scale (1973). The Psychological Well-Being Scale was developed according to Ryff’s model (1989) and comprised 42 items grouped into six dimensions: independence, personal growth, environmental mastery, positive relationships, purpose in life, and self-acceptance. Each dimension included seven items.

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