Abstract
Theories and models in geography are an expression of a new conception or understanding of
a phenomenon or process that geographers attempt to gain the attention of others by
suggesting conceptual metaphors[2]. The theory can be understood simply as understanding
something else that the researcher is trying to express in words that can have the closest
meaning to his discoveries such as "the butterfly effect expressing an objective truth in the
communication system". The theory of atmospheric phenomena must be considered an
abstract concept of tangible things and in the realm of perception of the human mind and a
question of nature the theories and models are always supported by a knowledge base so that
the theory cannot exist and has been found to have no epistemological roots so when
classifying geographical theories it appears from It is necessary to design cognitive systems
first because the foundation of any theory is supported by the conceptual system of its
cognitive system. Epistemology has seen both “scientific” and “spatial” and geography has
recently seen the introduction of many theories into the cognitive system. The importance of
theories lies more in the schemas that organize the researcher's belief and of course the
researcher's belief in facts. They differ objectively scientifically Darwin, for example, derived
from biology data for his mental schema and beliefs, called evolution proposed by biologist
Bertlinvi, from the same data that Darwin studied, another mental schema and belief, called
general systems theory. All these differences are due to the cognitive system that affects the
researcher's knowledge or instinct, and in this system the researcher's beliefs and mental plans
are formed.
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Dr. Mohammadhossein Ramesht
Isfahan University, Department of Geography, Geomorphology Speciality
Azhar Abbas Sabr
Isfahan University, Department of Geography, Geomorphology Speciality
Kamal Mohammed Ayyash
Isfahan University, Department of Geography, Geomorphology Speciality
Received: 17-05-2021, Accepted: 12-06-2021, Published Online: 13-06-2021